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Sir Richard De La Bere and the Battle of Crécy
At
a relatively early age his parents found him an eminently suitable wife.
Young Lady Sybil was the only daughter of William De Kynardsley, and thus
the sole heiress to her childless brother’s considerable estates centred
on Kynardsley (now Kinnersley) Castle in Herefordshire. Richard and Sybil
inherited in 1340, and immediately set about obtaining a license to hold a
market and a fair in the village. The marriage enabled Richard to live in
comfort for the rest of his life, and thus released his father from any
further obligation to provide him with lands. It
is unknown how or when Richard first met the Black Prince. He had many
influential relatives, particularly in his mother’s family, and one can
easily imagine him being presented at court by one cousin or another.
However, it should also be remembered that his elder brother, at least,
seems to have owned land in Wallingford (Berkshire) where the castle was
one of the Prince's major residences. As
Prince of Wales, it would be not unnatural for the Black Prince to take an
interest in a fellow from his own principality. The
Prince’s Register tells us that by 31st July 1345 Richard was already
receiving gifts from the fifteen-year-old Prince - “he gave a ton of
wine to Richard De la Bere and Sir Peter De Gildesburgh”; and on 14th
January the following year the King himself enlarged an earlier (undated)
grant of land to Richard, giving him “Le Nokes” and “Bradewardy”
in Herefordshire to add to "Le Bernes" near Cleobury Mortimer in
Shropshire. These
notices of Richard’s associations make it highly likely that it was in
the Prince's own retinue that he travelled to France in the Summer of
1346, when Edward III decided to press home his claim to the French
throne. They landed with the King’s army near Cherbourg and advanced
through Normandy towards Rouen. Philip VI of France set out to meet them,
and soon the rival hosts were close together, marching on opposite sides
of the Seine towards Paris. Edward III, however, found an unguarded ford
which his army crossed, and on 25th August they were on the outskirts of
the Forest of Crécy. Next day the French arrived on the field, but it was
not until the sun had set that the two parties decided to fight. The
action began with an advance of some seven thousand of Philip VI’s
crossbowmen, many of them Italian mercenaries. As the maximum distance
they could shoot was about a hundred yards, none of them got within range
of the first English division before they were cut down by English arrows,
and broke. At that point, the French commanders lost whatever control of
the battle they had possessed. The leading French division of mounted
men-at-arms, furious at the failure and impotence of their bowmen, charged
without orders straight at the English lines, riding down their own men,
who were crushed beneath the horses. Once through this melee, the French
cavalry were still two hundred yards from the English line, and a wave of
arrows brought down the front rank of their horses. In the growing
darkness, those at the rear of the French army could not see what was
happening at the front. The screams of terror and pain coming from the
crossbowman and horses convinced them that a general battle had been
joined, and all the rear cavalry divisions surged forward, slamming into
the first division for the English archers to shoot accurately: they
simply aimed at the struggling mass of men and horses in front. Some
French men-at-arms, on foot, however, reached the English vanguard,
commanded by the Black Prince. This was no doubt when Richard De la Bere
took part in the action. Outnumbered,
the young Prince was engaged in fierce hand-to-hand fighting, and at one
point was down on his knees. A message was sent to the King for
reinforcements; but he would despatch only twenty knights, saying, “Let
the boy win his spurs”! By the time they arrived, however, they found
the Prince and his men “leaning on lances and swords, taking breath and
resting quietly on long mounds of corpses, waiting for the enemy who had
withdrawn”. Was
it at this point that Richard saved the Black Prince's life? Before the
King’s twenty men were able to claim the same deed? It is quite
possible, even probable, that Richard De la Bere, along with several other
knights, were able to help the Prince out of this tight spot, for a
similar legend to his exists in the Beauchamp family. In
all the French charged fifteen times during the night, and again, with
four fresh divisions, at dawn. But the English tactical position was by
now unassailable, protected by barriers of French dead, across which the
bowmen shot with impunity. Daylight showed an appalling scene of dead and
dying horses and men - four thousand knights and “men of superior
dignity” were killed, almost all on the French side: “no one troubled
to count the others who were slain”. Family
legend implies that Richard was rewarded for his valour on this day with a
knighthood and coat of arms. The De la Bere coat of arms is known to have
been in use before Richard's time, but he may have been rewarded with the
plume of feathers crest, for the Battle of Crécy was traditionally when
this badge first became associated with the Prince of Wales. The
knighthood seems almost a certainty however. Prior to Crécy, Richard is
recorded as simply Richard De la Bere, yet afterwards he quickly becomes
“Sir Richard De la Bere, the Prince’s Bachelor, and Constable and
Keeper of the Prince's Castle and Lordship of Emlyn”! Richard
had evidently been elevated to the position of a very important man. Emlyn,
now Newcastle Emlyn (Dyfed), was one of the Prince’s lordships set up to
control the Welsh. From the castle there Richard would have held sway over
an area of West Wales the size of the Isle of Wight! What more natural
than to give such a lordship to a fellow Welshman? Yet why choose a man
from such an obscure noble family, unless he had distinguished himself in
some way: by saving the Prince’s life for instance? From
at least 8th February 1347 Richard is recorded as a knight, and his time
as Constable of Emlyn probably dates from the January. Nothing can better
show the high esteem in which he was held at this time than his new
year’s gift from the Black Prince: a buckle of “an ounce of gold with
pearls, with a rose in the middle and a crown above it, set with a breast
of two birds”. Sir
Richard’s life at Emlyn can be clearly traced, though unfortunately the
records mostly tell of mundane day to day duties. The earliest known
record orders him to look into a petition to the Prince of Wales from the
Abbot of Blanchland and rectify any wrongs done him. Other documents refer
to the collecting of debts and the repair of the castle. Indeed it is
known that not long after Sir Richard was appointed the castle underwent a
major refurbishment, and the defences were enlarged with a double-towered
gatehouse and a small polygonal tower. In November 1347 the Prince is seen
to request that a weekly market be set up in Emlyn. It was to take place
every Thursday, but details such as its location were left up to Sir
Richard as “it shall seem best to him”. Several times Sir Richard is
ordered to keep the castle at Emlyn “safely guarded” when the Prince
had travelled abroad to France, knowing “not how events may shape
themselves during his absence”. On another occasion Sir Richard is
recorded as having been abroad himself, attending the Prince in Calais in
1352. Richard’s associations with his home county did not falter, however. He continued to live at Kinnersley when his duties allowed. He was made Sheriff of Herefordshire in 1354, and again in 1356; in between, he attending parliament as the local “Knight of the Shire”. Such an important personage, Sir Richard is probably the member of the De la Bere family about whom most is, or will ever be, known. He died early in 1382, shortly followed by his wife, and they were buried together in the Friary Church of the Dominican Friars in Hereford. Their son and heir, Kynard De la Bere, inherited Kinnersley.
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| © David Nash Ford 2001. All Rights Reserved. | ||